Aphids are a common pest on plum trees. Instead of a stinger, the female has a sawlike ovipositor that she uses to make a slit in the edge of a needle. Larvae of the first generation can be seen from mid-June through early August, while second generation larvae are usually found in late August or September. But they also leave behind a tell-tale trail of black crumbly waste around the stone. Young larvae eat only the outside of old growth, leaving the needles brown and strawlike behind the green, current growth. When they occur in large numbers they are able to defoliate a bush within a week. Figure 7. There is one generation per year. Sawfly larvae have the curious habit of raising their heads and tails in a threatening manner when disturbed. Newly-hatched moth larvae tunnel through the fruit, often near the stem, in order to feed around the stone. Sawfly life cycle Hatching and larvae merge. The larvae drop to the ground to overwinter in cocoons made of rotted wood. The easiest way to tell the difference between sawfly larvae and caterpillars is to look at the legs. The larvae feed and develop through 6 instars before reaching maturity. European pine sawfly is the most common sawfly in Missouri. The control of sawflies is directed at the feeding larvae. Adults are strong fliers and readily locate host trees even though scattered or mixed in with other hardwood species. When the damage to the fruit becomes widespread, the holes will ooze a dark fluid. Rose sawfly: Adult sawflies emerge in early spring and lay their eggs on the underside of host plant leaves. Larvae keep in large groups, eat off and grow. The plum sawfly lays eggs on flowers during the spring. The yellow-green with black heads and black blotches on their sides grow up to an inch long. The striped, gray-green larvae with a black head and legs grow up to an inch long, feeding in groups only on the previous season’s needles. 3. Figure 4. Elm Sawfly, Cimbex americana, is a native species which feeds preferentially on elm and willow but sometimes attacks maple, cottonwood, poplar, birch and other trees. Liesch and Susan Mahr, University of Wisconsin – Madison. Melaleuca sawfly larvae. Biological measures: In the fight with the sawfly, you can use herbal infusions or, more rational in the forest, preparations based on the actions of microorganisms that are dangerous to the pest. Plant nonpine species that are not susceptible to sawfly damage. A Overwintering pupae hatch in April and lay eggs on the young leaves in rows parallel to the main vein. Female sawflies use their “saw” to insert eggs into leaves. Young larvae feed in colonies or clusters and can defoliate entire trees, depending on the size of the colony and tree. 2. 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The common name of the sawfly usually includes its host. Eggs hatch in roughly 2 weeks and colonies of larvae begin eating old-growth needles. When the larvae are fully grown, they drop to the ground and pupate around mid-August to early September. They pupate in spring and adults emerge a few weeks later. Keep reading for more sawfly information. Scout for young larvae feeding on needles beginning in May. Proper maintenance of the tree and early intervention can successfully stop the spread of disease and eradicate known pests. Be sure to aim the water at both upper and undersides of leaves. European pine sawflies overwinter as yellow eggs deposited in the needles (Figure 4). Japanese plums are larger in size but European plums are sweeter because of their high sugar concentration. The rest of this article is about the phytophagous true sawflies. The light green larvae with orange heads grow to about ½ inch long as they feed on the upper leaf surface from mid-May through June, leaving only the leaf veins. The small, flattened white larvae form small, blistered translucent spots on new leaves as they feed between the upper and lower surfaces. The winter is passed in the soil inside a cocoon. When planting pine do not need to have close to each other. The adults are brown, flylike insects that are ½ inch (12 mm) long. Remove larvae by hand and squash or place them in soapy water for several days (small infestations only). The curled roseslug sawfly, Allantus cinctus, curls up the body when at rest and generally has two generations per year. 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